Coabitação durante a pandemia de covid-19: a experiência de casais jovens adultos / Cohabitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of young adult couples / La cohabitación en el transcurso de la pandemia del covid-19: la experiencia de parejas jóvenes adultas / Cohabitation pendant la pandemie de COVID-19: l'expérience de jeunes couples adultes

Resumo Este estudo qualitativo visou compreender a experiência de oito casais de adultos jovens em coabitação durante a pandemia de covid-19 e as repercussões do período na vida conjugal. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, seis presenciais e duas online, com casais heterossexuais, sem filhos, que coabitavam há menos de três anos. A análise temática reflexiva gerou três temas: desafios e dificuldades na pandemia; aproximação entre o casal; ganhos e aprendizados. Níveis aumentados de estresse, insegurança e ansiedade, sensação de sobrecarga e de privação devido às medidas de distanciamento social, dificuldades na delimitação dos espaços individuais dentro de casa e aumento nos conflitos conjugais foram os principais desafios relatados. Apesar disso, o enfrentamento colaborativo resultou em maior intimidade e no fortalecimento do vínculo conjugal, aumentando o compromisso com a relação. Tais resultados ilustram como um contexto pandêmico pode impactar relacionamentos durante o início da coabitação.

Abstract This qualitative study investigated the cohabitation experience of eight young adult couples during in the pandemic and its repercussions on marital life. Semi structured interviews were conducted, six in-person and two online, with childfree heterosexual couples living together for less than three years. The reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes: pandemic-related challenges and difficulties, couple bonding, gains and learnings. Increased levels of stress, insecurity and anxiety, a sense of of overload and deprivation due to social distancing measures, difficulties in delimiting individual spaces within the home and an increase in marital conflicts were the main challenges reported. Conversely, the ability to collaboratively cope with these challenges resulted in more intimacy and strengthened the marital bond, generating greater couple commitment. These findings illustrate how pandemics can impact relationships during the beginning of cohabitation.

Resumen Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender las experiencias de ocho parejas de adultos jóvenes en cohabitación en el transcurso de la pandemia del covid-19 y sus repercusiones en la vida conyugal. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, seis presenciales y dos en línea, con parejas heterosexuales, sin hijos, que vivían en cohabitación hace menos de tres años. El análisis temático reflexivo generó tres temas: desafíos y dificultades en la pandemia, acercamiento entre la pareja, conquistas y aprendizajes. El aumento de los niveles de estrés, inseguridad y ansiedad, los sentimientos de sobrecarga y privación por las medidas de distanciamiento social, las dificultades para delimitar los espacios individuales dentro del hogar y el aumento de los conflictos conyugales fueron los principales desafíos informados. Además, afrontar estos desafíos de forma colaborativa redundó en mayor intimidad y en el fortalecimiento del vínculo conyugal, repercutiendo en el aumento del compromiso con la relación. Estos resultados muestran cómo el contexto pandémico puede impactar el comienzo de la convivencia de las relaciones de pareja.

Résumé Cette étude qualitative a examiné l'expérience de cohabitation de huit jeunes couples adultes pendant la pandémie et ses répercussions sur la vie conjugale. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés, six face-à-face et deux en ligne, auprès de couples hétérosexuels sans enfants vivant ensemble depuis moins de trois ans. L'analyse thématique réflexive a dégagé trois thèmes: les défis et difficultés liés à la pandémie, le lien du couple, les acquis et les enseignements. Des niveaux accrus de stress, d'insécurité et d'anxiété, des sentiments de surcharge et de privation dus aux mesures de distanciation sociale, des difficultés à délimiter les espaces individuels chez eux et une augmentation des conflits conjugaux sont les principaux défis signalés. Cependant, la capacité à faire face ensemble à ces défis a permis d'accroître l'intimité et de renforcer le lien conjugal, générant ainsi un plus grand engagement du couple. Ces résultats illustrent l'impact que les pandémies peuvent avoir sur les relations au début de la cohabitation.

Work engagement, emotional attitude to work and quality of relations in 'early' and 'late' dual career couples: the mediating role of satisfaction with one's achievements.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the relationship between the level of work involvement and emotional attitude to work and the quality of marital relationships of partners in dual career relationships, divided into 'early career' and 'late career' relationships. In addition, the mediating role of satisfaction with one's accomplishments was assessed. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: The study included 184 dual career couples, where both partners pursued a professional career in a competitive labour market, often performed managerial functions and reconciled their professional roles with parental roles, where 69 were 'early career' relationships and 115 were 'late career' relationships. All subjects in the dual career marriages had higher education; the age of the respondents ranged from 28 to 43 years and all of them had at least one child. With respect to the applied research tools, the AVEM Questionnaire, the Labour-Family Matching Questionnaire, the Matching Marriage Questionnaire (KDM-2) and the Feeling of Happiness Questionnaire were used. RESULTS: The results show a negative impact of the level of professional and emotional work engagement on the quality of marital relations in the relationship; however, the observed trend only refers to the 'late career' relationships. Therefore, it can be concluded that the level of engagement in professional roles at the moment of entering into a relationship is an important moderating factor in these relationships. In addition, it was found that the level of self-satisfaction eliminates this negative relationship. We can say that the level of satisfaction is the mediator of the relationship between involvement in professional roles and the quality of marital relationships. CONCLUSIONS: The level of work engagement and emotional attitude toward work affects the quality of personal life and relationships in a couple. However, this impact can vary due to additional variables such as satisfaction with one's own accomplishments and type of relationship.

Partner violence surrounding divorce: A record-linkage study of wives and their husbands.

Objective: This study analyzes the victimization trajectories of partner violence against women surrounding divorce, depending on whether the couple has children together. Background: Prior studies have found that partner violence is associated with an increased risk of divorce. No study has assessed the victimization trajectories surrounding divorce for women with and without children, although women with children may remain at higher risk of violence following divorce. Method: Using Finnish record-linkage data of 22,468 divorced and 333,542 continuously married women and their husbands, we used repeated-measures logistic regression analyses to assess changes in victimization for partner violence before and after divorce. The outcomes considered were police-reported crimes committed by husbands against their wives and hospital-treated assault injuries recorded for wives. Results: The risk of crime victimization for partner assault was already elevated from 2 to 3 years before divorce, peaked in the year prior to divorce, and then mainly leveled off 1-2 years after divorce. Hospital data show that the time of the greatest risk was from 6 to 12 months before divorce, when divorce is usually filed for. Women with younger children experienced elevated risks of physical violence shortly before divorce and remained at higher risk of menace than women without children for a year after divorce. Conclusion: Divorcing women committed assaults against their husbands, but these were mostly accompanied by victimization, suggesting that resistant violence was common for women as perpetrators. Women with a history of victimization need support, especially at the starts of their divorce processes.

The relationship between depression and sexual satisfaction: An equation model analysis.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between depression and sexual satisfaction in middle-aged women has been reported previously. However, there is insufficient evidence that depression is related to sexual satisfaction or that sexual satisfaction is related to depression. This study evaluated the relationship between depression and sexual satisfaction in middle-aged women by evaluating the equation model analysis of the two models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 middle-aged women in Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. Sexual satisfaction dimensions were evaluated using self-report women's sexual satisfaction questionnaire. Also, the depression scale of the general health questionnaire was used to measure of the depression level. Research data were analyzed using a multivariate linear regression test. Also, the fit of the model was evaluated using Amos software. RESULTS: The results showed that depression score had an inverse relationship with sexual satisfaction in the relational concern dimension (Beta = -0.27, P = 0.006, CI: -0.11 to - 0.86). Model fit evaluation showed that the sexual satisfaction-depression model had a better fit than the depression-sexual satisfaction model (CMIN/DF = 1.123, P = 0.64). CONCLUSION: The results showed that depression in middle-aged women is related to the relational concern. It is necessary to consider counseling programs to solve sexual relationship concerns in middle-aged women's mental health promotion programs.

Narrativas sobre conjugalidade, feminilidade e vínculos familiares de mulheres de homens encarcerados / Narratives about conjugality, femininity, and family bonds of imprisoned men's female partners / Narrativas sobre conyugalidad, feminidad y vínculos familiares de mujeres de hombres encarcelados

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender, a partir das narrativas de três mulheres que tiveram diferentes tipos de aproximação com o cárcere, de que modo elas constroem discursivamente os arranjos conjugais e identitário com os parceiros que têm ou tiveram trajetórias marcadas pelo aprisionamento. Através de entrevistas realizadas nas residências das participantes, analisadas por meio da Análise Crítica do Discurso, quatro aspectos emergiram em comum nos discursos: o sacrifício, a resistência, a responsabilização e a solidão. O papel de mulheres cuidadoras que se sacrificam em nome da relação conjugal coexistiu com as narrativas que estabeleciam a fronteira até onde seus esforços poderiam ir. A responsabilização feminina - em que as mulheres se sentem culpadas ou culpam outras mulheres pelos desvios legais e morais dos homens ­ também ficou evidente. O fato de serem as únicas visitantes de seus parceiros desvelou a solidão cotidiana e a sobrecarga social e parental dessas mulheres.

This study aimed to understand, based on narratives of three women who had different types of connections with imprisonment, the way they discursively express marital and identity arrangements with partners who have or had trajectories marked by imprisonment. By analyzing interviews carried out in the participants' homes, based on the Critical Discourse Analysis, four aspects were identified as common in the speeches: sacrifice, resistance, accountability, and loneliness. The role of women caregivers who sacrifice themselves in the name of the marital relationship coexisted in the narratives which established the limit to their efforts. Women's accountability ­ in which women feel guilty or blame other women for men's legal and moral deviations ­ was also evident. The fact of being the only visitors their partners had revealed these women's daily loneliness, and social and parental overload.

Este estudio ha buscado comprender, a partir de las narrativas biográficas de tres mujeres que han tenido diferentes tipos de acercamiento con la cárcel, de qué modo construyen, discursivamente las relaciones conyugales e identitarias con las parejas que tienen - o han tenido - trayectorias marcadas por el encarcelamiento del compañero. A través de entrevistas realizadas en las residencias de las participantes y, analizadas bajo el Análisis Crítico del Discurso, cuatro ejes organizan un discurso común: el sacrificio, la resistencia, la responsabilidad y la soledad. El rol de las mujeres en cuanto cuidadoras, que se sacrifican en nombre de la relación conyugal, coexistió con las narrativas que buscaban establecer la frontera hasta donde sus esfuerzos podrían ir. La responsabilidad femenina - en la que las mujeres se sienten culpables o culpan a otras mujeres por las desviaciones legales y morales de los hombres - también se hizo evidente, así como el hecho de que sean las únicas visitadoras de sus parejas desveló la soledad cotidiana y la sobrecarrega social y parental de esas mujeres.

Manejo do dinheiro na conjugalidade: Papel discriminante das estratégias de resolução de conflitos, comunicação e ajustamento / Money management in conjugality: Discriminating role of conflict resolution, communication and adjustment strategies / Gestión del dinero en la conyugalidad: Papel discernidor de las estrategias de resolución de conflictos, comunicación y ajuste

A maneira como o dinheiro é gerenciado relaciona-se com diferentes variáveis da conjugalidade. Este estudo investigou o papel discriminante da comunicação conjugal, estratégias de resolução de conflitos e ajustamento conjugal no sistema de manejo de dinheiro na conjugalidade (independente ou compartilhado). Em estudo quantitativo, transversal, comparativo e explicativo, participaram 108 indivíduos em relacionamentos estáveis de coabitação, que responderam de forma online a: questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Manejo de Dinheiro na Conjugalidade, Dutch Marital Communication Questionnaire, Conflict Resolution Behavioral Questionnaire e Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. O grupo que adota manejo compartilhado distinguiu-se por sua coesão, comunicação aberta, satisfação conjugal, estratégias de acordo e consenso. Os que adotam manejo independente foram distinguidos por estratégias de evitação, de ataque e pela comunicação negativa. O modelo discriminante evidenciou que variáveis positivas da conjugalidade distinguiram o manejo compartilhado, e as negativas, o independente. Manejar o dinheiro envolve postura, comportamentos e percepções além do compartilhamento dos bens, e fazê-lo em conjunto está associado a indicadores de funcionalidade no relacionamento.

The way a dyad manages money is related to different marital variables. This study aimed to investigate the discerning role of marital communication, conflict resolution strategies and marital adjustment in the marital money management system (independent or shared). In a quantitative, cross-sectional, comparative and explanatory study, 108 individuals in stable cohabiting relationships took part, who responded online to: sociodemographic questionnaire, Marital Money Management Scale, Dutch Marital Communication Questionnaire, Conflict Resolution Behavioral Questionnaire, and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The results show that the group of individuals who adopt shared management was characterized by cohesion, open communication, marital satisfaction, agreement and consensus strategies. Those adopting independent management were singularized by avoidance, attack and negative communication strategies. The discriminant model showed positive marital variables pointed to shared management, and negative ones, to independent management. Handling money involves stance, behaviors and perceptions beyond the sharing of assets, and doing it together is associated to indicators of functionality in the relationship.

La forma cómo se maneja el dinero se relaciona con diferentes variables de la conyugalidad. Este estudio investigó el papel discernidor de la comunicación conyugal, las estrategias de resolución de conflictos y el ajuste conyugal en el sistema de gestión del dinero en la conyugalidad (independiente o compartida). En un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, comparativo y explicativo, participaron 108 individuos en relaciones de convivencia estables, que respondieron en línea a: cuestionario sociodemográfico, Escala de administración del dinero conyugal, Dutch Marital Communication Questionnaire, Conflict Resolution Behavioral Questionnaire y Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. El grupo que adopta la gestión compartida fue discernido por la cohesión, la comunicación abierta, la satisfacción conyugal, las estrategias de acuerdo y el consenso. Los que adoptaron una gestión independiente fueron discernidos por las estrategias de evitación, ataque y comunicación negativa. El modelo discriminante mostró que las variables positivas de conyugalidad señalaban el manejo compartido, y las negativas, el manejo independiente. Administrar dinero implica postura, comportamientos y percepciones además de compartir activos, y hacerlo juntos está asociado con indicadores de funcionalidad en la relación.

Adaptação e evidências de validade da Escala de Mindsets da Sexualidade / Adaptation and validity evidence for the Sexual Destiny and Sexual growth beliefs measure / Adaptación y evidencias de validez de la Escala de Mindsets de la Sexualidad

Este trabalho apresenta dois estudos que visaram adaptar e buscar evidências de validade da Sexual Destiny and Sexual Growth Beliefs Measure para a população brasileira. Essa escala tem como objetivo medir o quanto as pessoas acreditam que satisfação sexual depende de encontrar o parceiro certo ou de investimento na relação. No primeiro estudo, realizou-se a adaptação transcultural, da qual participaram quatro tradutores, quatro pesquisadores e clínicos em famílias, uma amostra do público-alvo (N = 9) para verificar compreensão dos itens e finalmente 100 respondentes para o estudo piloto, que revelou boa consistência interna. O segundo estudo (N = 637) confirmou a estrutura de dois fatores da escala e a invariância entre grupos de homens e mulheres. Outras evidências de validade foram obtidas por meio da correlação com escalas de qualidade conjugal e satisfação de vida. Conclui-se que a escala foi adaptada com sucesso para a população brasileira e que foram demonstradas evidências de validade.(AU)

This paper presents two studies that aimed to adapt and seek evidence of validity for the Sexual destiny and sexual growth beliefs measure for the Brazilian population. This scale aims to measure how much people believe that sexual satisfaction depends on finding the right partner or depends on investment in the relationship. In the first study, a cross-cultural adaptation was carried out, with the participation of four translators, four experts in the study with families, a sample of the target audience (N = 9) to verify the understanding of the items, and finally 100 respondents for the pilot study, which revealed good internal consistency. The second study (N = 637) confirmed the two-factor structure and the invariance between men and women. Other validity evidence was obtained through the correlation with scales of marital quality and life satisfaction. The scale was successfully adapted for the Brazilian population and evidence of its validity was demonstrated.(AU)

Este trabajo presenta dos estudios que visaron adaptar y buscar evidencias de validez de la Sexual destiny and sexual groth beliefs measure para la población brasileña. Esta escala tiene como objetivo mensurar en qué medida las personas creen que la satisfacción sexual depende de encontrar la pareja adecuada o de invertir en la relación. En el primer estudio se realizó la adaptación transcultural, en la cual participaron cuatro traductores, cuatro investigadores y clínicos en familias, una muestra del público objetivo (N=9) para averiguar la comprensión de los ítems y, finalmente, 100 encuestados contestaron al estudio piloto, que reveló una buena consistencia interna. El segundo estudio (N=637) confirmó la estructura de dos factores de la escala y la invarianza entre grupos de hombres y mujeres. Otras evidencias de validez fueron obtenidas a través de la correlación con escalas de calidad marital y satisfacción con la vida. Se concluye que la escala fue adaptada con éxito para la población brasileña y que se evidenciaron evidencias de validez.(AU)

Construção e evidências de validade da Escala de Qualidade Conjugal / Construction and validity evidence for the Marital Quality Scale / Construcción y evidencias de validez de la Escala de Calidad Marital

Este estudo buscou construir e verificar evidências de validade de uma escala de avaliação da qualidade conjugal (EQC) para a população brasileira. Os itens foram avaliados por juízes especialistas e leigos. A versão preliminar da EQC consistiu em 28 itens avaliando cinco dimensões: satisfação, compromisso, intimidade, sexualidade e afetividade. A escala foi aplicada em 655 pessoas que estavam em um relacionamento amoroso e em coabitação com o(a) companheiro(a) há no mínimo seis meses. Os participantes também responderam a instrumentos sobre dados sociodemográficos, ajustamento (RDAS-P), satisfação (RelAS), qualidade (Aquarela-R) e conflito conjugal (CRBQ). Foi realizada uma análise fatorial confirmatória, análises de consistência interna e de correlação. O modelo da EQC obteve bom ajuste aos dados, consistência interna adequada e correlações nas direções esperadas com as demais escalas. Conclui-se que o instrumento apresentou evidências de validade satisfatórias, baseadas no conteúdo, estrutura interna e relações com variáveis relacionadas, para aplicação no contexto brasileiro (AU).

This study aimed to build and verify validity evidence of a marital quality assessment scale (EQC) for the Brazilian population. The items were first evaluated by an expert panel and members of the target population. The preliminary version of the EQC consisted of 28 items evaluating five dimensions: satisfaction, commitment, intimacy, sexuality, and affection. Participants were 655 people who had been in a romantic relationship and in co-habitation with the partner for at least six months. The questionnaire also included instruments on sociodemographic data, and marital adjustment (RDAS-P), satisfaction (RelAS), quality (Aquarela-R), and conflict (CRBQ). Confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, and correlation analyses were performed. The EQC model was well fitted to the data, had good internal consistency, and correlated with the other scales in the expected directions. We concluded that the instrument showed adequate validity evidence for administration in the Brazilian context (AU).

El objetivo del estudio fue construir y verificar evidencias de validez de una escala de evaluación de la calidad marital (EQC) para la población brasileña. Los ítems fueron analizados por expertos y legos. La versión preliminar del EQC consistió en 28 ítems que evaluaron cinco dimensiones: satisfacción, compromiso, intimidad, sexualidad y afectividad. La escala se aplicó a 655 personas que vivían con su pareja durante al menos seis meses. Los participantes también respondieron a instrumentos sobre datos sociodemográficos, ajuste (RDAS-P), satisfacción (RelAS), calidad (Aquarela-R) y conflicto conyugal (CRBQ). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, análisis de consistencia interna y correlación. El modelo de la EQC obtuvo un buen ajuste a los datos, una consistencia interna adecuada y correlaciones con las otras escalas en las direcciones esperadas. Se concluye que el instrumento presentó evidencias de validez satisfactorias, basadas en su contenido, estructura interna y relaciones con variables relacionadas, para su aplicación en el contexto brasileño (AU).

Transgeracionalidade e violência: um estudo com mulheres vítimas de relações conjugais violentas / Transgenerationality and violence: a study with women victims of violent marital relationships / Transgeneracionalidad y violencia: un estudio con mujeres víctimas de relaciones conyugales violentas

O estudo teve como objetivo compreender as experiências familiares e conjugais de mulheres em situação de violência conjugal. Trata-se de um estudo de casos múltiplos, com três mulheres em situação de violência conjugal. Os instrumentos incluíram uma entrevista sobre as relações familiares e o genograma familiar. A investigação das relações transgeracionais apontou que as mulheres haviam vivenciado padrões violentos em suas próprias famílias de origem na infância e/ou adolescência, presenciado violência entre os pais, ou como vítimas de violência parental. Tais vivências podem ter favorecido a manutenção das mulheres nas relações violentas. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a importância da ampliação do olhar sobre a violência conjugal, considerando, também, vivências na família de origem, tanto em relação a intervenções junto às mulheres, quanto em termos preventivos, visando favorecer o desenvolvimento de práticas educativas não coercitivas nas famílias. Abstract

The study aimed to understand the family and conjugal experiences of women in situations of conjugal violence. This is a multiple case study, with three women in situations of conjugal violence. The instruments included an interview on family relationships and the family genogram. The investigation of transgenerational relationships pointed out that the women had experienced violent patterns in their own families of origin during childhood and/or adolescence, witnessed violence between parents, or were victims of parental violence. Such experiences may have favored the maintenance of the women in violent relationships. The results found point to the importance of expanding the view on conjugal violence, considering also experiences in the family of origin, both in relation to interventions with women and in preventive terms, aiming to favor the development of non-coercive educational practices in families.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las vivencias familiares y conyugales de las mujeres en situación de violencia conyugal. Es un estudio de casos múltiples, con tres mujeres en situación de violencia conyugal. Los instrumentos incluyeron una entrevista sobre relaciones familiares y el genograma familiar. La investigación de las relaciones transgeneracionales mostró que las mujeres habían experimentado patrones violentos en sus familias de origen en la infancia y/o adolescencia, siendo testigos de violencia entre los padres, o como víctimas de violencia parental. Tales experiencias pueden haber favorecido el mantenimiento de las mujeres en las relaciones violentas. Los resultados encontrados señalan la importancia de ampliar la mirada sobre la violencia conyugal, considerando también las experiencias en la familia de origen, tanto en relación a intervenciones con mujeres, como en términos preventivos, con el objetivo de favorecer el desarrollo de prácticas educativas no coercitivas en las familias.

Escala de Crenças Sobre Violência Conjugal (ECV): versão brasileira / Beliefs Scale on Marital Violence (ECVC): brazilian version / Escala de Creencias Sobre Violencia Conyugal (ECVC): versión brasileña

Este estudo visou traduzir, adaptar e verificar evidências de validade da Escala de Crenças sobre Violência Conjugal (ECVC), bem como investigou diferenças nos índices de concordância com crenças legitimadoras de violência conjugal, considerando as variáveis gênero, escolaridade e possuir filhos. Os participantes foram adultos brasileiros (N = 1.337), maiores de 18 anos, sendo 66,34% pertencentes ao gênero feminino e 33,65% masculino. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais confirmatórias e exploratórias, e análise de comparação das médias através de uma ANOVA. Os 25 itens da escala apresentaram cargas fatoriais superiores a 0,46. A versão brasileira da escala apresentou estrutura unidimensional. Foi observado que os três indicadores utilizados para avaliar a consistência interna apresentaram valores satisfatórios. Por fim, identificou-se que participantes do gênero masculino, com menor escolaridade e com filhos apresentaram maior concordância com crenças legitimadoras de violência conjugal. Os resultados encontrados reforçam as qualidades psicométricas da escala indicando sua aplicabilidade. (AU)

This study aimed to translate, adapt, and verify the evidence of validity of the Belief Scale on Conjugal Violence (Escala de Crenças sobre Violência Conjugal - ECVC), as well as to investigate differences in the indices of agreement with legitimizing beliefs of conjugal violence, considering the variables gender, education, and having children. Participants were Brazilian adults (N = 1,337), over 18 years old, 66.34% of whom were women and 33.65% men. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted, as well as a comparison of means using ANOVA. The 25 items on the scale presented factorial loadings greater than 0.46. The Brazilian version of the scale had a unidimensional structure, and the three indicators used to assess internal consistency showed satisfactory values. Finally, results indicated that men with less education and with children showed greater agreement with beliefs legitimizing conjugal violence. The results reinforce the psychometric qualities of the scale, indicating its applicability. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo traducir, adaptar y verificar evidencias de validez de la Escala de Creencias sobre Violencia Conyugal (ECVC), así como investigar diferencias en los índices de concordancia con las creencias legitimadoras de violencia conyugal, considerando las variables género, educación y tener hijos. Los participantes eran adultos brasileños (N = 1.337), mayores de 18 años, de los cuales el 66,34% eran mujeres y el 33,65% hombres. Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios y exploratorios, y análisis de comparación de medias a través de ANOVA. Los 25 ítems de la escala presentaron cargas factoriales superiores a 0,46. La versión brasileña de la escala tenía una estructura unidimensional. Se observó que los tres indicadores utilizados para evaluar la consistencia interna presentaron valores satisfactorios. Finalmente, se identificó que los varones, con menor nivel educativo y con hijos, mostraron mayor acuerdo con las creencias legitimadoras de la violencia conyugal. Los resultados encontrados denotan las cualidades psicométricas de la escala, reforzando su aplicabilidad. (AU)

Long-Term Physical Health Consequences of Financial and Marital Stress in Middle-Aged Couples.

OBJECTIVE: To examine psychological health as a mechanism linking economic pressure and marital instability in the early middle years to poor physical health in later life. BACKGROUND: Although previous research suggests that sustained stressful marital experience may lead to mental and physical health problems, little is known about how contextual factors, such as economic pressure, impact marital outcomes, and how changes in marital attributes influence health outcomes in a longitudinal and dyadic context. METHOD: Utilizing an actor-partner interdependence model within a latent growth curve approach and prospective data from couples in enduring marriages, we examined the associations between family economic pressure, marital instability, and mental health over their early middle years (1989-1994) and subsequent physical health in later adulthood (2015). Analyses assessed a couple-level pathway and an individual pathway involving within-spouse and between-spouse effects. RESULTS: During the middle years, family financial difficulties were linked to reduced marital stability, which was associated with increased mental health challenges. The findings also reinforced the salient role of psychological distress for subsequent physical health outcomes as husbands' and wives' anxiety symptoms over their early middle years contributed to declines in their physical health outcomes in later adulthood. A partner effect was noted between husbands' anxiety and wives' physical health. CONCLUSION: For couples, experiences of financial and marital stress in their early middle years can have long-lasting detrimental impacts on their physical health in later adulthood.

Escala de Manejo do Dinheiro na Conjugalidade (EMDC): construção e evidências de validade / Conjugality Money Managment Scale (EMDC): construction and validity evidence / Escala de Gestión del Dinero en la Conyugalidad (EMDC): construcción y evidencias de validez

O dinheiro pode ser um fator positivo e/ou negativo na conjugalidade, e a maneira como o casal gerencia os recursos influencia em diferentes aspectos da relação. Este estudo visa apresentar a construção e as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Manejo do Dinheiro na Conjugalidade (EMDC), elaborada para avaliar os estilos de manejo de dinheiro adotado por indivíduos em relacionamentos estáveis de coabitação: Manejo Independente ou Compartilhado. Participaram 280 homens e mulheres, brasileiros, em relacionamentos estáveis coabitando há, no mínimo, seis meses, sendo 76,4% (N = 214) residentes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir das análises fatoriais confirmatórias, a escala resultou em 18 itens agrupados em quatro dimensões: Coesão financeira, Intimidade financeira, Infidelidade financeira e Partilha de bens. As análises permitiram identificar estrutura fatorial adequada e evidências de validade. A escala possui potencial para ser utilizada em pesquisa e na prática clínica no âmbito da conjugalidade. (AU)

The approach couples take to managing financial resources influences different aspects of the marital relationship, and this may correspond to a positive and/or negative factor in conjugality. This study aims to present the construction process and psychometric properties of the Conjugality Money Management Scale (CMMS), designed to evaluate the two possible approaches to money management that can be adopted by individuals in marital cohabitation relationships: Independent or Shared Management approaches. The sample size was 280 participants, including Brazilian men and women, 76.4% (N = 214) living in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The confirmatory factorial analyzes resulted in a scale of 18 items, classified into four dimensions: Financial Cohesion, Financial Intimacy, Financial Infidelity, and Asset Sharing. The analyses indicated adequate factorial structure and validity evidence. The scale presents the potential of applicability in research and clinical practice in the context of marital relationships. (AU)

El dinero puede ser un factor positivo y / o negativo en la conyugalidad, y la manera en que una pareja administra sus recursos influye en distintos aspectos de la relación. En este estudio se buscó presentar la construcción y las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Gestión del Dinero en la Conyugalidad (EMDC), diseñadas para evaluar los posibles estilos de administración del dinero adoptados por individuos en relaciones estables de convivencia: Gestión Independiente o Compartida. Participaron de la muestra 280 hombres y mujeres de Brasil, en relaciones estables con un mínimo de seis meses de convivencia, con 76.4% (N = 214) con residencia en la provincia de Rio Grande do Sul. Los 18 ítems resultantes de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios fueron agrupados en cuatro dimensiones: cohesión financiera, intimidad financiera, infidelidad financiera y distribución de activos. Los análisis permitieron identificar una estructura factorial adecuada y evidencias de validez. La escala presenta potencial de aplicabilidad para ser utilizada en investigaciones y prácticas clínicas en el ámbito de las relaciones matrimoniales. (AU)

Conjugalidade cis-trans: reinventando laços, desestabilizando certezas / Cis-trans conjugality: reinventing bonds, destabilizing certainties / Conyugalidad cis-trans: reinventar vínculos, desestabilizar las certezas

Na era contemporânea, a conjugalidade pode ser experimentada sob múltiplas e variadas formas, em meio a diversos tipos de contratos de vínculos afetivos possíveis, todavia, as produções acadêmicas que se dedicam a compreender a dinâmica das relações amorosas em pessoas trans ainda são escassas. Considerando essa lacuna, este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a dinâmica de relacionamento conjugal em um casal constituído por um homem trans e uma mulher cisgênero. Tendo como delineamento metodológico o estudo de caso, os dados foram recolhidos por meio de entrevista narrativa episódica. O material foi audiogravado e transcrito na íntegra, e a análise foi pautada pela perspectiva queer. Dada a falta de amparo institucional e a omissão de políticas públicas desenhadas especificamente para apoiar casais e famílias trans, os cônjuges reportaram um processo contínuo e dinâmico de renegociar corpos e desejos. Nos casos analisados, o apoio familiar e o suporte oferecido por amigos e parentes emergiram como elementos decisivos para a consolidação da subsistência material do casal.(AU)

In the contemporary era, conjugality can be experienced in multiple and varied forms, in the midst of various possible affective bonds. However, academic productions dedicated to understanding the dynamics of romantic relationships among transgender persons are scarce. Considering this gap, this study aims to investigate the dynamics of marital relationships in a couple made up by a transgender man and a cisgender woman. Data consisted of transcripts of audio recordings obtained from episodic narrative interview, and the analysis was guided by the queer theory. The participants reported a continuous and dynamic process of renegotiating bodies and desires. Before the lack of institutional support and the omission of public policies aimed to support trans couples and families, family support and the help from friends and relatives emerged as decisive elements for the consolidation of the couple's material subsistence.(AU)

Considerando que, en la época contemporánea, la conyugalidad puede experimentarse de múltiples y variadas formas en medio de diversos tipos de contrato de posibles lazos afectivos, todavía son escasos los estudios que pretenden comprender la dinámica de las relaciones amorosas entre personas trans. Teniendo esto en cuenta, este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la dinámica de las relaciones maritales en una pareja formada por un hombre trans y una mujer cisgénero. El método utilizado fue el estudio de caso, y los datos se recogieron mediante una entrevista narrativa episódica. El material fue grabado en audio para después transcribirse en totalidad, y el análisis fue guiado por la perspectiva queer . Dada la falta de apoyo institucional y la omisión de políticas públicas, específicamente diseñadas para apoyar a las parejas y familias trans, la pareja informó que hay un proceso continuo y dinámico de renegociar cuerpos y deseos. En este caso, el apoyo de la familia y el respaldo de amigos y parientes se revelaron como elementos decisivos para la consolidación de la subsistencia material de la pareja.(AU)

Conflito conjugal e sistema parental: uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional / Marital conflict and parental system: an integrative review of nacional literature

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da produção científica nacional acerca das relações entre conflito conjugal e parentalidade. Realizou-se buscas de artigos publicados em periódicos indexados entre os anos de 2008 e 2020, nas bases de dados Scielo, Index Psicologia e PePSIC. De um montante de 164 documentos, foram analisados 15 artigos científicos. Embora a continuidade do interesse pela temática ao longo dos últimos anos, constatou-se a escassez de pesquisas no contexto nacional. Os estudos evidenciaram a permeabilidade entre os sistemas conjugal e parental e, mesmo que tenham apontado a bidirecionalidade das relações entre eles, focaram nos impactos dos conflitos conjugais sobre a parentalidade e enfatizaram os conflitos conjugais negativos em detrimento dos positivos. Os achados podem contribuir para a construção e incremento de políticas públicas direcionadas à promoção do desenvolvimento familiar, e para o aperfeiçoamento de intervenções junto às famílias, focadas na identificação e incremento de estratégias positivas de resolução de conflitos.

This study is an integrative review of national scientific production about the relations between marital conflict and parenting. Searches of articles published in indexed journals between 2008 and 2020 were carried out in the Scielo, Index Psicologia and PePSIC databases. From 164 documents, 15 scientific articles were analyzed. Despite the continued interest in the theme over the past few years, there was a lack of research in the national context. The studies showed the permeability between the marital and parental systems and, although they pointed to the two-way relationship between them, they focused on the impacts of marital conflicts on parenting and emphasize negative marital conflicts. The results can contribute to the construction and increase of public policies aimed at promoting family development, and for the improvement of interventions with families, focused on the identification and adoption of positive conflict resolution strategies.

Marriage and Post-stroke Aphasia: The Long-Time Effects of Group Therapy of Fluent and Non-fluent Aphasic Patients and Their Spouses.

BACKGROUND: Studies of therapy influence on after-aphasia marital relations are lacking. Much needs to be learned about the range of factors associated with couples benefiting from therapy. Understanding these issues is key to facilitating optimal post-aphasia outcomes from the perspective of the patient and his caretaking spouse. This paper reports an evaluation of a group therapy intervention conducted with aphasic people and their life partners. METHODS: The intervention comprised of 10 sessions of approximately 90 min duration and included two groups of couples, with fluent and non-fluent aphasic partner. The therapy program consisted of basic communication activities within the group which encouraged sharing of personal experience but mostly relied on psychoeducation, gaining knowledge about after-stroke aphasia. The respondents were interviewed and completed neuropsychological assessment. Quality of marriage was determined using Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Marital adjustment was measured twice, before intervention and after 6 months. Long-time effects of therapy included a significant mean difference in quality of marriage between therapy attendants and controls. Marital relationship decline seems to be worse amongst control subjects, who were not involved in any kind of psychological support. In spite of initial non-distressed relationship they report deterioration of their bond in half a year's time. We also showed changes in dynamics of quality of marriage during this time in all investigated groups. The implications of these findings for counseling services are discussed.

Psychological intervention for partners post-stroke: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Following a brain injury, caregiving spouses/partners differ in their perceptions of relationship continuity/discontinuity (i.e. whether the relationship is experienced as similar or different to the pre-injury relationship). Perceptions of continuity are associated with better psychological wellbeing and a better relationship. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a pilot test of an intervention aimed at exploring the possibility of supporting caregiving partners to experience greater continuity within their relationship post-stroke. METHODS: A post-stroke couple was provided with integrated behavioural couples therapy for three months, which aimed to increase relationship continuity alongside addressing individual goals identified by the couple. Before and after measures were taken using a battery of six questionnaires evaluating changes in perceptions of continuity, relationship quality, and stress. RESULTS: Quantitative and qualitative data showed post-therapy improvement in all the measures. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that perceptions of relationship continuity can be improved by therapy, and that such an improvement might have a beneficial impact in terms of relationship quality and psychological wellbeing. The intervention is currently being further developed and evaluated.

As relações familiares diante da COVID-19: recursos, riscos e implicações para a prática da terapia de casal e família / Family relations during COVID-19 pandemic: resources, risks e implications for the practice of marital and family therapy

A COVID-19 traz repercussões macroestruturais ao status econômico, social e laboral que podem impactar o funcionamento conjugal e familiar. Neste artigo, enfocamos os recursos e riscos familiares durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, que incluiu estudos nacionais e internacionais, abordamos (a) conjugalidade, (b) coparentalidade, (c) parentalidade e (d) implicações para a prática da terapia de casal e família nesse contexto. Terapeutas de casal e família devem atuar no sentido de promover a coesão, flexibilidade e comunicação. Destaca-se a importância da atribuição de significados à pandemia e às experiências vivenciadas, assim como da esperança na superação dos desafios, enquanto se encorajam divisões de tarefas domésticas mais igualitárias. Discutimos a relevância de investir em estratégias que otimizem processos protetivos das relações familiares.

The COVID-19 pandemic brings up macro-structural repercussions in economic, social, and work status, which may impact family and marital functioning. In the current paper, we focus on family resources and risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a narrative review of the literature, considering Brazilian as well as international studies, we present (a) marital relations, (b) coparental relations, (c) parental relations, and (d) implications for the practice of marital and family therapy in this scenario. Family and couple therapists may work to strengthen aspects such as cohesion, flexibility, and communication. The importance of attributing meaning to the pandemic and the lived experiences as well as maintaining hope in the face of challenges are emphasized, whereas the establishment of a more equal division of household labor is encouraged. We discuss the relevance of enhancing strategies to optimize resources that promote healthy family relationships.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Birmingham Relationship Continuity Measure for acquired brain injury.

Objective Relationship continuity/discontinuity refers to whether a spouse/partner experiences their current relationship with someone with an acquired brain injury (ABI) as a continuation of their loving pre-injury relationship or as radically changed. The aim of this study was to adapt a questionnaire measure of continuity/discontinuity from dementia research for use in an ABI context and to evaluate the psychometric properties of this adaptation. Method The questionnaire was adapted in response to feedback from a focus group of ABI caregivers. Its psychometric properties were then evaluated in two studies involving partners of people with ABI. Results The measure showed high internal consistency (alpha = .956 in Study 1 and .963 in Study 2), test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation = .960 in Study 1) and discriminative power (Ferguson's delta = .975 in Study 1 and .963 in Study 2). Evidence of construct validity was provided by a predicted pattern of correlations with other relationship questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis suggested that the questionnaire is unidimensional. Discussion A valid and reliable quantitative measure of relationship continuity/discontinuity will enable more robust evaluation of suggestions about this construct that have been made in qualitative studies (e.g. that discontinuity is associated with a greater sense of caregiver burden).

Papéis sexuais, amor e satisfação conjugal em indivíduos heterossexuais e homossexuais / Sex roles, love, and conjugal satisfaction in heterosexual and homosexual individuals / Roles sexuales, amor y satisfacción conyugal en individuos heterosexuales y homosexuales

A experiência do amor entre pessoas do mesmo sexo ainda é percebida numa ótica social estigmatizante. Na tentativa de contribuir com a discussão dessa questão, neste estudo, foram geradas evidências de validade e fidedignidade para o Bem Sex Role Inventory - reduzido por meio da análise dos escores de 331 indivíduos heterossexuais e homossexuais, de ambos os sexos, que coabitavam com seus parceiros amorosos há pelo menos um ano no Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Também foi realizada uma análise confirmatória da Escala Triangular do Amor - reduzida, que revelou bom ajuste do modelo e invariância de medida para homossexuais e heterossexuais. Além disso, foram verificadas as relações entre orientação sexual, papéis sexuais, amor e satisfação conjugal. A intimidade e o compromisso no amor foram os melhores preditores da satisfação conjugal para ambos os grupos. Foram encontradas algumas evidências que questionam os estereótipos sociais vinculados às relações amorosas de pessoas de mesmo sexo. (AU)

The experience of same-sex love is still perceived from a stigmatizing social perspective. In an attempt to contribute to the discussion of this issue, this study generated evidence of validity and reliability for the Bem Sex Role Inventory-Reduced by analyzing the scores of 331 heterosexual and homosexual individuals, of both sexes, who cohabited with their partners for at least one year in the city of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro. A confirmatory analysis of the Triangular Scale of Love-Reduced was also performed, which revealed good model fit and invariance of measurement for homosexuals and heterosexuals. In addition, the relationships between Sexual Orientation, Sex Roles, Love and Conjugal Satisfaction were verified. Intimacy and Commitment were the best predictors of Conjugal Satisfaction for both groups. Some evidence was found questioning the social stereotypes associated to same-sex relationships. (AU)

La relación amorosa entre personas del mismo sexo aún es percibida desde una estigmatizante perspectiva social. Tratando de contribuir con la discusión de este tema, en este estudio se generaron evidencias de validez y fidedignidad para el Bem Sex Role Inventory-Reducido, por medio del análisis de los resultados obtenidos de 331 individuos heterosexuales y homosexuales, de ambos sexos, que viven con sus parejas por lo menos desde hace un año en Río de Janeiro / RJ. También se realizó un análisis confirmatorio de la Escala Triangular del Amor-Reducida, que reveló buen ajuste del modelo e invariancia de medida para homosexuales y heterosexuales. Se verificaron las relaciones entre Orientación Sexual, Roles Sexuales, Amor y Satisfacción Conjugal. La Intimidad y Compromiso en el amor fueron los mejores predictores de Satisfacción Conjugal para ambos grupos. Se encontraron algunas evidencias que cuestionan los estereotipos sociales vinculados a relaciones amorosas entre personas del mismo sexo. (AU)

Money matters: an analysis of advanced cancer couples' communication about financial concerns.

Even for the insured, cancer treatment can be expensive and financially burdensome for families, especially in advanced disease. PURPOSE: To determine if advanced cancer patient-caregiver spousal dyads identified and/or discussed financial concerns. METHODS: Advanced cancer spousal dyads (n = 26) were asked to discuss their concerns (including finances) for 10 min. Discussions were audio-recorded and transcripts were analyzed for content and depth. We used the constant comparative analysis to analyze communication and demographic data from those who identified financial concerns relevant to cancer treatment. RESULTS: Of the 26 couples identifying finances as a concern relevant to cancer, there was variability in perception of their overall financial situation, and roughly a third had discordant reports on the degree of financial concern. Thirty-five percent of dyads (n = 9) did not discuss finances during the audio-recorded discussions; for the other dyads, financial conversations varied in depth and breadth for specific concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Couples were discordant in reports of concern about finances and perceptions of their financial situations. Even if finances were identified as a concern, many couples chose not to discuss financial concerns in depth. Some degree of shielding or avoidance between spouses may be beneficial, but couple financial discussions are important, especially when decisions may impact long-term plans. More research is needed to determine how to facilitate financial conversations to improve patient's and caregiver's well-being.